What cause Type 2 Diabetes

Pancreas produces insulin allowing glucose to leave the bloodstream and enter the cells to be used as fuel. Type 2 Diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the cells of the body become resistant to insulin. By certain researches, Type 2 Diabetes is mainly caused by a complicated interplay of genes and insulin abnormalities. Besides, lifestyle, family history and environment can also increase the chance of getting Type 2 Diabetes.

Genetic factors
Genes play an important role in determining one person’s risk of Type 2 Diabetes which has a genetic component. Researchers have already indentified at least 10 genetic variations linked to increase the risk for this disease. As one specific syndrome, maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) seems related to one specific gene. Generally, it is thought that Type 2 Diabetes is the outcome from a combination of the presence of specific genes along with predisposing environmental factors. Parts of the insulin gene and other physiologic components involved in the regulation blood sugar are affected by the specific mutations.

Most of these genes are mainly regulating insulin action, including the processes that occur in the pancreas’ insulin-producing beta cells. The risk for obesity is increased by the FTO gene, and it appear to cluster around 3 genetic regions. In the future, researchers hope there is any way to delay or prevent the progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes.

Insulin abnormalities
Most patients with Type 2 Diabetes might have insulin resistance in muscle cells or excessive levels of insulin followed by a drop in insulin production. In Type 2 Diabetes, the receptors on cells in the body fail to respond to the action of the insulin, and which is known as insulin resistance. As a result, more insulin might be produced in response to this and overproduction is caused. This overproduction will exhaust the insulin-manufacturing cells in the pancreas. Insulin is insufficient available and those available insulin might be abnormal and work improperly.
Furthermore, there are researches determining the factors that might prompt insulin resistance. From several reports, both obesity and insulin resistance at different phases are marked by specific levels of free fatty acids and the hormones resistin and leptin. Till now, no one sure that if the elevated levels are simply a product of obesity or just play some role in diabetes. In addition, there is a chronic low inflammatory response related to the insulin resistance. This chronic low inflammatory response involves a number of immune factors such as TGH-beta 1 and C-reactive protein. These factors can cause damage for a long time and associate between the insulin resistance and heart disease.

Obesity
It is not surprising that being obese or overweight can put you at significant risk for developing Type 2 Diabetes. There are 4 out of 5 people with Type 2 are overweighing or obesity. Insulin resistance can also developed by excess fat, especially abdominal fat. In this case, insulin cannot process the blood sugar out of the blood and resulting in high blood sugar levels. Although not everyone with insulin resistance develops diabetes, there is a greater risk of Type 2 diabetes for those people with insulin resistance.

Inactive physical
Same as body fat and other hormones, muscle also affect diabetes development. Through exercise and strength training, lean muscle mass can be increased. This muscle plays an important role in protecting the body against insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. A result has shown that doing more aerobic and resistance training exercises can help to reduce the insulin resistance.

Sleeping habits
According to the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, body’s balance of insulin and blood sugar can be affected by sleeping habit by increasing the demand on the pancreas. If this condition last for a long time, Type 2 diabetes might be developed. From the analysis of data, those people who slept less than 5 hours or more than 9 hours have a greater risk of getting Type 2 Diabetes.

Eating habits
Poor eating habits can be important factors in the daily life. More wrong kinds of food you eat, higher risk of Type 2 diabetes you get. Studies have shown that eating a diet of high calorie, refined foods and beverages, and too little raw fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can increase the chance of getting Type 2 Diabetes.

Environment
Exposure to certain chemicals and viruses might trigger those people with Type 2 Diabetes and genetically predisposed to it.

Obviously, same as Type 1 Diabetes, it is better to learn more about the causes and presentations of Type 2 Diabetes. The more you learn, the less chance of getting Diabetes.

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What is Gestational Diabetes

An estimated 5% of pregnant women develop a form of type 2 diabetes, usually temporary, in their trimester called Gestational Diabetes.

Gestational Diabetes is a type of diabetes which is only suffered by pregnant women. During pregnancy, the blood Glucose levels of some women are higher than normal due to the other hormones produced during the pregnancy and thus their bodies cannot produce enough insulin to absorb.

This type of diabetes mellitus affects approximately 2% of pregnant women. In most cases, this diabetes always develops during the 24th to 28th weeks (the second half stage) of pregnancy and disappears by itself once the baby is born. However, there are 25% of women who have gestational diabetes are most likely to develop Type 2 Diabetes later in life within 15 years.

Generally, pregnant women with gestational diabetes have normal blood sugar levels during the critical first stages of the pregnancy. The placenta produce hormones that hinder the action of the mother’s insulin probably trigger it. This disorder can result in babies who are larger than normal and the women and her baby might gain a greater risk for complications at the time of delivery.

Therefore, it is important to keep the levels of glucose in the blood under control through diet, insulin therapy or glucose-lowering medications.

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What is Diabetes Type 2

Type 2 Diabetes is known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) which is a disease either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or the body cannot utilize the insulin properly. As with Type 1 Diabetes, the problem is related to insulin, a hormone needed to convert sugar into energy.

The first problem of Type 2 Diabetes is insulin resistance, which is the body cells do not response properly to the insulin. Hence, the body must secrete more insulin to maintain the metabolism at a normal stage. Insulin resistance is common but it is not the cause of Type 2 Diabetes. More insulin is pumped out by the pancreas to compensate for the resistance. For those people with insulin resistance, blood sugar levels stay within a normal stage. However for some, the insulin producing cells usually fail to maintain with the increased demand. As a result, while the blood sugar levels increase, the type 2 Diabetes occurs.

The second problem of Type 2 Diabetes is supply and demand. There is too little insulin produced by the pancreas to maintain with the increased demand which occurs with insulin resistance. There are some cases that people with Type 2 Diabetes can be treated with therapies the decrease the demand of insulin, including diet, exercise and drugs that increase the insulin supply.

This type of Diabetes was previously called Adult Onset Diabetes since it only appeared in adults. Although it might develop in childhood, it often appears between the ages of 35-45. Since it often develops slowly, many people do not recognize the symptoms and might have Diabetes without knowing it.

If you have recently been diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes, you are one of the lucky ones. Why? It Is because many people have diabetes without knowing it, and they have a greater risk of long term medical complications. Therefore, you could make a few changes in your lifestyle and have some treatment to control the diabetes and prevent it from getting worse.

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